INSECURITY AND AGRICULTURAL DECLINE: A CASE STUDY OF YAM PRODUCTION IN BENUE STATE, NIGERIA (2015–2023)

Abstract

This study critically examined the impact of prolonged insecurity on yam production in Benue State, Nigeria, from 2015 to 2023. Drawing from the human security theory, the research explored how persistent conflict—particularly farmer-herder violence—has contributed to agricultural decline in one of Nigeria’s most vital food-producing regions. Unlike previous studies that adopted broad analyses of rural insecurity, this research focused specifically on yam, offering a more detailed understanding of the disruptions in its production cycle. Using a qualitative methodology, data were collected from secondary sources and supplemented with 15 semi-structured interviews conducted with key informants, including security personnel and journalists. Content analysis was employed to interpret the findings. The study revealed a marked decline in yam output directly linked to ongoing insecurity, with rural communities experiencing severe livelihood disruptions and economic losses. Furthermore, it identified critical policy and security gaps that have hindered agricultural recovery efforts. These findings highlighted that insecurity in Benue State is not merely a security issue but a significant barrier to food security, rural development, and national economic sustainability. The study concluded with policy recommendations aimed at reinforcing security infrastructure, supporting displaced farmers, and developing integrated agricultural-security frameworks centered on peace building and resilience.