https://enyojonal.com.ng/index.php/igirigi/issue/feed 2025-11-26T16:24:45+00:00 Open Journal Systems <p>IGIRIGI: A Multi-Disciplinary Journal of African Studies</p> https://enyojonal.com.ng/index.php/igirigi/article/view/202 2025-11-16T04:29:45+00:00 Gbadamosi, OluwatoyinAdebola, Ph.D tygbadamosi@gmail.com Ojile Barnabas Audu barnabasojile1@gmail.com

Philosophers like Mary Midgley, Hans Jonas, and Immanuel Kant have all studied the ethical controversy surrounding "playing God" in great detail. Their analyses offer important insights into how humans interfere with the natural and moral order. The deontological framework of Kant emphasizes the value of upholding rational autonomy and warns against excessive behavior that transgresses moral law. The ethical necessity of taking into account long-term effects when developing new technologies, especially in the areas of genetic engineering and environmental manipulation, is highlighted by Hans Jonas's notion of responsibility. The hubristic inclinations present in the metaphor of "playing God" are criticized by Mary Midgley, who cautions against reducing intricate life systems to simple technological difficulties. In order to examine the ethical limits of human ingenuity and intervention in fields that are customarily attributed to supernatural authority, this study investigates various philosophical stances. The analysis shows a conflict between the hazards of unintentional harm and moral overreach and the ethical need to innovate for human happiness. The study comes to the conclusion that a strict ban on "playing God" ignores the complex moral obligation people have to influence their own destiny. It suggests using a framework based on Kantian respect for individuality and Jonas's ethics of responsibility to make sure that scientific advancement is pursued with humility, foresight, and a dedication to justice. In order to responsibly traverse the problems presented by developing biotechnologies and artificial intelligence, the study also promotes multidisciplinary discourse and democratic deliberation in governance, promoting an accountable and morally informed exercise of human agency.

2025-11-16T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) 2025 https://enyojonal.com.ng/index.php/igirigi/article/view/203 2025-11-16T04:35:26+00:00 ADEDEJI Olusola Israel, PhD woliialacada2015@gmail.com OLULOWO Segun Ayotunde, PhD zionlowo68@gmail.com Ogundeji Abel Leke PhD abelogundeji69@gmail.com

In many African societies, prayers and incantations constitute more than ritual utterances; they embody spiritual and socio-cultural systems through which individuals and communities negotiate life, meaning, and wellbeing. Rooted in African religious cosmologies, these practices serve as vital instruments for invoking divine presence, securing protection, and seeking prosperity in domains such as agriculture, commerce, family life, and communal harmony. This paper offers a theoretical exploration of prayers and incantations as both spiritual and socio-economic forces, analysing their capacity to promote resilience, social solidarity, and moral order, while also shaping economic activity and community development. By situating these practices within frameworks of African humanism and functionalist anthropology, the study illuminates how spiritual utterances contribute to human flourishing and indirectly to economic stability. Yet, the paper also interrogates their limitations, including susceptibility to manipulation, reinforcement of dependency, and tensions with modern economic systems and globalised values. The discussion ultimately argues that while prayers and incantations remain central to African religious life and human identity, their contribution to sustainable development depends on their integration with education, innovation, and ethical governance. The study thus highlights the continuing significance of indigenous spiritual practices in contemporary discourses on humanity and economic progress.

2025-11-16T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) 2025 https://enyojonal.com.ng/index.php/igirigi/article/view/204 2025-11-16T04:41:35+00:00 Apostle Moses Yaro Shok moses.yaro@kasu.edu.ng Ifeyinwa Cordelia Isidienu, PhD ic.isdienu@unizik.edu.ng

This study examines Digital Evangelism and the Transformation of Christian Communication in the Contemporary African Church, highlighting how technological innovation has reshaped the modes, reach, and impact of Christian ministry across the continent. With the rapid growth of digital platforms such as social media, streaming services, and mobile applications, churches in Africa have increasingly adopted new communication strategies to spread the gospel, engage believers, and build virtual faith communities. The research draws insights from library materials, academic journals, and online resources to analyze how digital evangelism complements traditional preaching and expands the Church’s mission beyond physical boundaries. Findings reveal that digital tools have enhanced accessibility, interactive worship, and cross-cultural engagement among African Christians, especially among the youth. However, challenges such as misinformation, digital inequality, and reduced personal interaction remain significant. The study concludes that while digital evangelism presents vast opportunities for effective Christian communication, its success depends on ethical use, digital literacy, and theological grounding. It recommends that African churches integrate digital strategies into their ministry frameworks to ensure sustainable, inclusive, and transformative evangelistic outreach in the digital era.

2025-11-16T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) 2025 https://enyojonal.com.ng/index.php/igirigi/article/view/205 2025-11-16T04:45:37+00:00 Bàshírù-Ayẹni, Dámilọ́lá Elizabeth bbaraqat@gmail.com

Local delicacies remain vital to the identity and heritage of many African societies, including the Yorùbá people of Southwestern, Nigeria. In the preparation of local delicacies, there are certain processes that must be followed strictly in order to have a good result. Recently, Modern consumers have started changing some of these processes by incorporating new recipe, because of the ‘trending shift’. This study examines the new trend in the preparation of mọ́ínmọ́ín/ọ̀ọ̀lẹ̀ and its socio-economic, health and cultural impacts on the society. For this research, quantitative technique was employed through in-depth interviews with twenty (20) respondents (3 mọ́ínmọ́ín/ọ̀ọ̀lẹ̀ sellers, 2 caterers, 2 eatery managers, 3 mọ́ínmọ́ín/ọ̀ọ̀lẹ̀ consumers, 3 housewives, 2 beans sellers, 2 leaves sellers, 1 feed-mill operator, 1 nutritionist, and 1 veterinary doctor). From the data gathered, the respondents provided different opinions and thoughts about preferred preservation methods for beans, availability of ewéeran (Thaumatococcus daniellii), and preparation of mọ́ínmọ́ín/ọ̀ọ̀lẹ̀, ranging from the selection of beans, the key ingredients to use in the cooking, and the processes that should be followed to achieve a good result. The respondents also gave their insights and recommendations based on personal and professional experience, especially the reason behind the adoption of local recipes, and improvisation of new recipes for new taste. The findings reveal lack of professionalism regarding food preservation; non availability of ewéeran (Thaumatococcus daniellii) throughout the season, and affordability of aluminum pouches. Thus, it is highly recommended that there should be community and religious meetings where nutritionists can give health talks frequently about healthy living and safe preservation methods. Also, governments should help the farmers in providing harmless chemicals for the preservation of their produce for a prolonged shelf-life.

2025-11-16T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) 2025 https://enyojonal.com.ng/index.php/igirigi/article/view/206 2025-11-16T04:49:00+00:00 Christian Chidi OKEKE, Ph.D co.chidi@unizik.edu.ng Jude Chukwuemeka OKAFOR, Ph.D ud.okafor@unizik.edu.ng Chisom Henry OBI obihenry2021@gmail.com

This study investigated the contributions of foreign election observer missions to the credibility of 2023 general elections in Nigeria. Election observation has gained traction as an important mechanism that helps ensure credibility of the electoral process. The study, therefore, sought to determine ways in which previous independent assessment of electoral process by foreign observer missions discouraged manipulation of results of 2023 general elections in Nigeria, examine how foreign election observers’ presence deterred voters’ intimidation, as well as how global reach of foreign election observer missions ensured neutrality of the Independent National Electoral Commission in the election. Anchored on the Theory of Institutionalism, the study adopted descriptive design as well as documentary method to collate secondary data. Content analysis method was adopted for data analysis. Findings by the study revealed that regardless of their presence, global reach, and the fact that the foreign election observer missions produce independent assessment of the electoral process with far-reaching implications, the 2023 general elections in Nigeria were marred by significant allegations of result falsification, intimidation of voters and noticeable bias within the Independent National Electoral Commission. Consequently, the study, among other things, recommended the need for urgent legislation recognising assessment by foreign observer missions as one of the legal bedrocks for election-related litigations and prosecution of offenders.

2025-11-16T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) 2025 https://enyojonal.com.ng/index.php/igirigi/article/view/207 2025-11-16T04:54:01+00:00 Emekwuru Cosmas Chidozie goldenchildchidozie@gmail.com

Africa’s post-independence diplomacy has long been interpreted through Western theoretical frameworks, often neglecting indigenous and non-Western traditions that provide alternative perspectives on regional leadership and cooperation. Nigeria’s Afrocentric diplomacy between 1960 and 2000 positioned the country as a moral leader and advocate for Pan-African unity, peacekeeping, and decolonisation. In comparison, the Ming tributary system (1368–1644) in East Asia represented a hierarchical diplomatic model where surrounding states acknowledged China’s symbolic authority through ritualised tribute and, in return, received political recognition, trade privileges, and legitimacy. This review explores the structural and normative parallels between these two systems, showing how both relied on moral authority, reciprocal exchanges, and shared norms to maintain regional stability without coercive dominance. Drawing on a qualitative narrative and comparative historical analysis of scholarly literature and policy documents, the study identifies three main similarities: leadership rooted in moral legitimacy, reciprocal diplomatic exchanges that reinforced cooperation, and an identity-based order founded on cultural or ideological values. Differences arise primarily from historical context, colonial legacies, and modern sovereignty norms. The review concludes that non-Western diplomatic traditions, such as the Ming system, offer valuable insights for understanding Africa’s evolving diplomacy. It recommends that African institutions like the African Union and ECOWAS strengthen regional identity, moral leadership, and reciprocity while promoting comparative research that integrates African and Asian diplomatic experiences into contemporary international relations theory.

2025-11-16T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) 2025 https://enyojonal.com.ng/index.php/igirigi/article/view/208 2025-11-16T04:57:29+00:00 Enu Agbor Agbor ENU.AGBOR@gmail.com

RÉSUMÉ Ce n'est plus une nouveauté que depuis les années 1960, lorsque les nations africaines ont commencé à obtenir leur indépendance les unes après les autres, ce sont les langues européennes qui ont donné le ton, le lexique et les termes de la langue et littérature dudit continent « indépendant ». Cette recherche vise à trois objectifs ; le premier est d’analyser les différences entre le lexique des hommes et celle des femmes de la communauté Ubang située à Bendi dans l’état de Cross River au sud-sud du Nigeria. Le deuxième est d'analyser les répercussions de la traduction sur ce particularisme culturel et son influence sur l'esprit distinctif de la communauté, puis comment préserver cette singularité culturelle et exceptionnelle en tant que patrimoine national pour les générations futures, tout en diffusant la littérature de ces langues uniques à l'échelle mondiale. En utilisant la méthode de l’entretien et deux théories, nous employons le masculinisme et le féminisme pour étudier ces langues africaines distinctives parlées par les résidents de la communauté Ubang au Nigeria, avec une brève mise au point sur les langues parlées dans le sud du Nigeria, notamment au sein du gouvernement local d'Obudu où se trouve Bendi, dans l'État du Cross River, Mots-clés : langues Ubang, masculinisme, féminisme, Sud-sud du Nigeria, culture africaine. MASCULINISM AND FEMINISM IN LEXICON: A STUDY OF UBANG COMMUNITY LANGUAGES (CROSS RIVER, NIGERIA) ABSTRACT The fact that European languages have dominated the tone, vocabulary, history and terms of the language and literature of the aforementioned "independent" continent (Africa) since the 1960s, when African states started to achieve independence one after the other, is no longer a novel concept. The first of the three goals of this study is to examine the lexical disparities between the men and women of the Ubang Community in Bendi, Cross River State, in southern Nigeria. In light of this, the second section looks at how translation affects cultural particularism, this unique genre, and the community's mindset. Finally, it looks at how to preserve this unique and cultural phenomenon as a national heritage for future generations and spread the language and literature of these distinctive languages throughout the world. Using the interview method to analyze this study of the distinctive African languages spoken by the residents of the Ubang community in Nigeria, masculinism and feminism theories will be applied, along with a brief overview of the languages spoken in South-southern Nigeria, specifically in Cross River State. Key-words: Ubang languages, Masculinism, Feminism, South-Southern Nigeria, African culture.

2025-11-16T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) 2025 https://enyojonal.com.ng/index.php/igirigi/article/view/209 2025-11-16T05:02:00+00:00 Femi Adetunji OYE-OLUWAFEMI, PHD, DD. pastorfemi207@gmail.com

The African extended family once represented the nucleus of communal identity, moral formation, and social support. Kinship ties created networks of belonging in which every individual was accountable to the other. However, the infiltration of Eurocentric individualism, reinforced by missionary Christianity and global modernity, has significantly eroded these bonds. In contemporary African societies, especially among urban populations, the nuclear family has replaced the extended household, while Christian theology has often adopted Western categories that prioritize personal salvation and private spirituality over communal responsibility. This paper undertakes a theological and exegetical critique of this phenomenon. Through a close reading of selected biblical texts—Genesis 4:9 (“Am I my brother’s keeper?”), Acts 2:42–47, and Galatians 6:2—this study argues that Scripture itself upholds communal ethics that resonate deeply with traditional African kinship values. By juxtaposing Eurocentric theological individualism with the biblical notion of koinonia (fellowship) and African communitarian anthropology, the paper demonstrates that authentic Christian life is inherently relational. The study calls for a contextual theological renewal that reclaims the African sense of family, hospitality, and collective responsibility as essential dimensions of the Christian faith. It concludes that the recovery of extended family consciousness within African Christianity is not a regression to the past, but a rediscovery of biblical relationality and ecclesial identity rooted in the triune God.

2025-11-16T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) 2025 https://enyojonal.com.ng/index.php/igirigi/article/view/210 2025-11-16T05:05:44+00:00 Maureen Azuka EZEANI ma.chikeluba@unizik.edu.ng

Language plays significant roles in human society. People’s way of life is handed down from one generation to another through language. The Igbo language is very rich in the use of proverbs as part of its oral tradition and cultural heritage. For cultural transmission and preservation in Igbo land, proverbs remain powerful and veritable tools. They are believed to provide channels for the intergenerational transfer of moral values from older to younger members of the society. The motivation for this study stems from the growing concern over the gradual erosion of moral values and cultural identity among Igbo children in contemporary society. Anchored on the theories of Didacticism and Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Theory, the study examines Igbo proverbs in relation to cultural preservation and their pragmatic force as didactic instruments in child upbringing. Data were collected from oral speeches in both formal and informal settings, as well as books and radio broadcasts on proverbs. Proverbs that center on teaching morals were selected, categorized under targeted moral lessons, and then translated into English. The moral lessons were carefully matched to social contexts, with each explained in detail. Findings reveal that proverbs are the bedrock and potential means of inculcating in younger generations the moral lessons that would make them responsible individuals in society. Based on these findings, the study recommends that proverbs be meaningfully employed by all concerned stakeholders in fostering good parenting in Igbo children, thereby sustaining Igbo cultural heritage.

2025-11-16T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) 2025 https://enyojonal.com.ng/index.php/igirigi/article/view/211 2025-11-16T05:08:53+00:00 Michael Olamide OKEKUNLE okekunle0805@pg.babcock.edu.ng Mobanle Ebunoluwa SOTUNSA sotunsam@babcock.edu.ng

Semiotics, which is the study of signs and symbols and how they generate meaning, provides a valuable lens for understanding how films communicate cultural values, ideologies, and emotions beyond spoken language. This study is motivated by the need to deepen critical insight into the ways Nigerian historical films, especially Bolanle Austen-Peters’ House of Ga’a, employ visual, auditory, and narrative symbols to reflect Yoruba cosmology, moral balance, and political consciousness. The motivation also stems from the increasing recognition of Nollywood as a space for cultural reclamation and the limited scholarly attention given to the semiotic interpretation of indigenous signs in African cinema. The major objective of this study is to carry out a semiotic analysis of House of Ga’a using the theoretical perspectives of Ferdinand de Saussure, Charles Sanders Peirce, Roland Barthes, Umberto Eco, and Algirdas Julien Greimas. The study further seeks to interpret the film’s signs and symbols, examine how elements such as the throne, blood, rituals, regalia, and family relationships convey ideological meanings, and explore how these visual and narrative codes mirror Yoruba philosophical values and postcolonial experiences. Also, the study aims to show how Austen-Peters transforms historical events into a philosophical reflection on leadership, morality, ambition, and justice. Through a semiotic reading, this research establishes that House of Ga’a transcends its historical narrative to become a moral and cultural text that redefines African storytelling and reinforces Yoruba aesthetics within the global cinematic space.

2025-11-16T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) 2025 https://enyojonal.com.ng/index.php/igirigi/article/view/212 2025-11-16T05:16:59+00:00 Nnatuanya, Chinedu Emmanuel Ce.nnatuanya@unizik.edu.ng Benjamin Chukwunonso Nwokocha bc.nwokocha@unizik.edu.ng

Through the lens of faith and spirituality, the Catholic and Protestant church denominations have developed their very positions on AI (Artificial Intelligence) as compared to the general perception of the concept. Descriptive and analytical approaches were employed to understand the Roman Catholic and Protestant preferences and opinions in the use of AI for Church’s activities. The findings of this study underscores that many Protestant leaders emphasize the importance of theological reflection and discernment when using AI. They stress that AI should not replace human judgment and decision-making, especially in matters of faith and morality. The Roman Catholic Church on the other hand, views AI, however, as a tool that requires careful consideration for human dignity and common good. According to Pope Francis and Pope Leo XIV, AI should be developed and used in ways that benefit humanity, promote human dignity, and serve the disadvantaged. However, bulk of the data were collected through secondary sources like books (published and unpublished). Moreover, the researcher conducted semi-structured interviews with twenty pastors and church leaders across churches from Protestant to Catholic churches in Awka, Anambra state, Nigeria to collect data for the study. The Population of this study was the Catholic and Protestant Churches in Awka capital territory, Anambra State, Nigeria. The researcher chose the area because of its high concentration of Christian communities. The study recommends that the use of AI in church programmes can help create personalized worship and prayers. AI-powered resources can provide personalized discipleship plans, Bible studies, and prayer guides. By embracing AI in a thoughtful and intentional way, churches can enhance their ministry and further their mission.

2025-11-16T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) 2025 https://enyojonal.com.ng/index.php/igirigi/article/view/213 2025-11-16T05:22:50+00:00 Nweke, Chibuzor Chigozie PhD cn.chigozie@unizik.edu.ng Okoye, Alfred Chidera okoyechidera07@gmail.com Obi, Chinenye Blessing cb.obi@unizik.edu.ng Emelife, Anthony Maduka am.emelife@unizik.edu.ng

This study critically examined the impact of prolonged insecurity on yam production in Benue State, Nigeria, from 2015 to 2023. Drawing from the human security theory, the research explored how persistent conflict—particularly farmer-herder violence—has contributed to agricultural decline in one of Nigeria’s most vital food-producing regions. Unlike previous studies that adopted broad analyses of rural insecurity, this research focused specifically on yam, offering a more detailed understanding of the disruptions in its production cycle. Using a qualitative methodology, data were collected from secondary sources and supplemented with 15 semi-structured interviews conducted with key informants, including security personnel and journalists. Content analysis was employed to interpret the findings. The study revealed a marked decline in yam output directly linked to ongoing insecurity, with rural communities experiencing severe livelihood disruptions and economic losses. Furthermore, it identified critical policy and security gaps that have hindered agricultural recovery efforts. These findings highlighted that insecurity in Benue State is not merely a security issue but a significant barrier to food security, rural development, and national economic sustainability. The study concluded with policy recommendations aimed at reinforcing security infrastructure, supporting displaced farmers, and developing integrated agricultural-security frameworks centered on peace building and resilience.

2025-11-16T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) 2025 https://enyojonal.com.ng/index.php/igirigi/article/view/214 2025-11-16T05:31:01+00:00 OYE-OLUWAFEMI, OLUWATOBILOBA ADETUTU oye-olufemi0686@pg.babcock.edu.ng OLUSEGUN JEGEDE, PHD olusegunjegede40@gmail.com

Gender role conflict and its psychological repercussions have been extensively explored in literary and sociological studies, particularly in narratives of diasporic women. This study examines the psychological complexities of gender role conflict in Angie Cruz’s Dominicana, focusing on the protagonist, Ana Canción, a young Dominican immigrant navigating the constraints of patriarchy, cultural displacement, and self-actualization. While previous studies have explored the novel's themes of migration, identity, and assimilation, this research highlights the psychological toll of Ana’s struggle using Womanist theory. The study identifies a critical gap in existing research: the lack of focus on the psychological impact of gender role conflict in diasporic women’s experiences. Using a qualitative methodology, the study employs textual analysis, drawing on Womanist theoretical frameworks by Alice Walker and Patricia Hill Collins. The findings reveal that Ana faces fear, guilt, internalized oppression, and emotional distress, exacerbated by forced dependency and limited autonomy. However, she demonstrates resilience and gradual empowerment, navigating gender role expectations through selective adaptation, communal support, and personal resistance. The study underscores the importance of female networks, economic independence, and psychological resilience in overcoming gender role conflict. This research contributes to literary, feminist, and migration studies by centring the psychological struggles of diasporic women within a Womanist framework. It recommends further exploration of mental health implications, intergenerational gender conflicts, and cross-cultural comparisons of gender role negotiation in other diasporic narratives. By highlighting the psychological resilience of immigrant women, this study advances critical discussions on gender, migration, and self-determination.

2025-11-16T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) 2025 https://enyojonal.com.ng/index.php/igirigi/article/view/215 2025-11-16T05:38:54+00:00 Oyèwálé, Ayọ̀délé Solomon (Ph.D) asoyewale@unilag.edu.ng

Akinwumi Isola demystifies, through his poem, the concept of human existence and the anxiety to survive in a world filled with unrealistic socio-cultural influences. He explores psychological distress and the paradoxical misperception of the world (ayé) presented to his readers. The main focus of this paper is to examine Akinwumi Isola's philosophical stance on human existence, communal philosophy, and survival mechanisms in an estranged world, using himself as a case study. We analyze the theme of human existence and the urgent issue of survival in modern times as portrayed by the poet. The selected poem, “Mo Ju Ayé Lọ,” is divided into sub-themes and subjected to literary analysis utilizing rhetoric and moral theory. The materialistic nature of humanity and the theme of “survival of the fittest” through the “rats’ race” are prominent in Isola’s poems (1978). The poet clarifies the readers’ understanding of human aspirations, ingenuity, survival instincts, and disillusionment, especially as maturity develops. Though written in 1978, the poem is rich in poetic language and practical illustrations of human efforts to dominate the natural world, often futile. Phenomena and the desire for further exploration of both the “known” and the “unknown” are essential and integral parts of human social life. The instinct for human expression and the unsuccessful efforts to “conquer” the world are depicted poetically and reflect a philosophical stance.

2025-11-16T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) 2025 https://enyojonal.com.ng/index.php/igirigi/article/view/216 2025-11-16T20:00:48+00:00 Charles Arinze OBIORA, Ph.D arinzeobiora2002@yahoo.com Agary NWOKOYE, Ph.D An.nwokoye@coou.edu.ng MBANEFO Louis ikennambanefo55@gmail.com

This study examined the influence of recruitment test on technical competence of employees in selected ministries and departments in Anambra state from 2013 to 2024. Recruitment test is regarded as a mechanism through which technical competence of applicants is determined. This study therefore sought to determine ways in which recruitment test attracted technically-competent workforce into Anambra state civil service from 2013 to 2024. The study adopted Resource-Based View Theory as the framework of analysis. Survey research design was employed to extract relevant data from primary sources through structured questionnaire instrument. Test of hypotheses was carried out at 0.05 level of significance using Chi-Square (x²). Among other things, the study found out that not all employees within the period undertook recruitment test and this did not assist in the recruitment of technically-competent workforce. In order to attract competent employees into the service, the study, among other things, recommended the need to declare failure to take part in recruitment test into the civil service a crime against the state punishable with severe sanction of up to 25 years imprisonment.

2025-11-16T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) 2025 https://enyojonal.com.ng/index.php/igirigi/article/view/217 2025-11-16T20:07:08+00:00 ALAMU Samuel Sunday, Ph.D ssalamu@unilag.edu.ng

This study, “Who Will Roll Away the Stone?” (Mark 16:3) Theological and Socio- Cultural Reflections on Women’s role in the resurrection and Nigerian Christianity, explores the symbolic and theological implications of women’s witness in the resurrection narratives and their applicability for gender inclusion in Nigerian Christianity. The aim is to reinterpret Mark 16:3 through a contextual and feminist hermeneutic that highlights women as agents of divine emancipation and equality. Using a qualitative interpretive methodology, the study integrates biblical exegesis, theological reflection, and socio-artistic analysis. Primary sources include the resurrection narratives, while secondary data derive from African feminist theologians such as Oduyoye, Njoroge, and Kanyoro. Findings reveal that the rolled- away stone in the Gospel of Mark functions as a metaphor for disassembled patriarchal barriers and affirms the divine priority in women’s emancipation. The study further shows that Jesus’ post-resurrection commissioning of women reconfigures apostolic authority as embedded in faithfulness rather than gender advantage. It concludes that Nigerian Christianity must embody a resurrection- inspired theology by espousing inclusive ecclesiastical structures, reforming theological education, and promoting women’s full participation in ministry. Recommendations prompt churches to roll away institutional “stones” of rejection or exclusion and to affirm resurrection as God’s model for justice, equality, and collaborative renewal.

2025-11-16T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) 2025 https://enyojonal.com.ng/index.php/igirigi/article/view/218 2025-11-16T20:10:53+00:00 Alhaji Auwalu Isa PhD isaauwalu@yahoo.com

Interpreting is a communicative event which occurs during cross-cultural communication when two interlocutors do not share a language. In the process of rapid information exchange from various languages and cultures, competent interpreters are mandatory. The major goal of interpreting is that a message makes the same impact on the target audience as was intended by the speaker in the source language (Angelelli, 2000). In their professional activities, interpreters encounter a wide variety of problems. Given that interpreting is a major communication skill, this research aims at investigating the challenges faced by interpreters using descriptive method. The study collected its data by recording two student participants who interpreted all deliberations in the course of the Parents-Teachers Association meeting of Wailari College, Kano from English to Hausa, as most parents present at the meeting did not understand English language considered to be the official language in Nigeria. The research revealed that the difficulties faced by interpreters when interpreting included cultural background, time constraint, interlocutors speaking speed and word memorisation among others. Furthermore, it had found some strategies to solve the difficulties in interpreting activities such as working as a team, preparation, using Dictionary and communication strategies.

2025-11-16T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) 2025 https://enyojonal.com.ng/index.php/igirigi/article/view/221 2025-11-24T13:57:22+00:00 OKAFOR Ekene Godfrey, Ph.D. egk.okafor@unizik.edu.ng OKORJI Peter Uchenna peteruchenna2010@gmail.com

This study examined the influence of political campaign and mobilization messages on electoral participation on Umuahia residents of Abia State, during the 2023 Nigerian general elections. The study was prompted by the influence of the campaign strategies and mobilization messages utilized by the various political parties in the build-up to the 2023 general elections particularly in Abia State. In view of these, the Attitude – Change Theory and the Individual Difference Theory were used in relation to the study which adopted a mixed-methods approach. Quantitative data (survey) were collected from a sample of 387 eligible voters through structured questionnaires, complemented by Qualitative insights from Focus group discussions (FGD). Findings revealed a high level of campaign exposure predominantly through television and social media platforms, which significantly shaped voters’ decisions and enhanced their understanding of political choices. The study further highlighted that positive, community-focused campaign messages delivered in local languages were most effective in motivating voter turnout and broader political participation, including attendance at rallies and peer mobilization. Conversely, negative or attack campaigns elicited mixed responses, occasionally dampening political enthusiasm. These results underscored the critical role of tailored, culturally relevant messaging in fostering democratic engagement. The study recommends that political actors, electoral bodies, and civil society organizations collaborate to design inclusive and ethical campaign strategies that enhance voter education and participation. The findings contribute valuable insights into the dynamics of electoral communication in Nigeria’s evolving democracy.

2025-11-24T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) 2025 https://enyojonal.com.ng/index.php/igirigi/article/view/222 2025-11-26T16:24:45+00:00 Stella Afomachukwu AKAM Afomastella@gmail.com Christiana Ngozi Ikegwuonu ngozichristyikegwuonu@yahoo.com

Name points to the bearer which could be humans, trees, places, concepts. It makes the thing named distinct from others of their kind. It is a remarkable fact that every person has a name. Surely, no one in the entire world is nameless, poor or noble, hence; parents give a name to every child at birth. A personal name is a name that belongs to an individual and which serves as a label for him or her. It is the distinct identity which every individual bears. Anglicism is the adaptation of the linguistic features of English to other languages and cultures. Some issues necessitated the researchers’ investigation into this study; one of which was the fact that some Igbo people tend not to be proud of their Igbo names as well as Igbo language. To them, Igbo names appear to be too local for the modern world. So, in a bid to appear modern and civilized, and to also show prestige, they anglicize their names. This study is essential for understanding the impact of language contact on indigenous language like Igbo. It aims to investigate the phonological changes that occur when Igbo personal names are adapted into English. The study was carried out in three primary schools in the Ukwulu community which are: Udodimma primary school, Central school and Amagu migrant farmers’ school Ukwulu. It also focuses on online social network Facebook, for data collection. It employed the purposive sampling technique for the selection of Igbo personal names. It adopted the Knobelauch’s (2008) Phonological awareness theory for the analysis of data. The Green and Igwe’s (1963) tone marking convention was adopted. The International Phonetic Alphabets (IPA) were employed in the phonemic transcription of data. The findings reveal that Igbo personal names have undergone significant changes in their sound patterns, including the adoption of English phonemes, syllable structure, and stress patterns. One of the phonological processes adopted in the analysis of the Igbo personal names and their anglicized versions is manipulation of sounds or syllables which is equivalent to substitution. Some sounds are substituted with other sounds; for example the diphthongs /ʊi/ in Chibụike /tʃibʊike/ to /aɪ/ in Chibyke /tʃibaɪk/, /i/ in Obinna to /aɪ/ in Ọbaịno /Ɔbaɪno/ and other phonological processes. These changes have resulted in the loss of indigenous Igbo phonological features and the emergence of new, anglicized forms. There is need for language preservation and promotion efforts to safeguard the phonological integrity of indigenous languages like Igbo. Further research should be conducted to explore the impact of Anglicism on other aspects of Igbo language and culture.

2025-11-26T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) 2025